The stability of kindergarten teachers’ effectiveness: A generalizability study comparing the Framework For Teaching and the Classroom Assessment Scoring System     

Panayota Mantzicopoulos  Brian F. French  Helen Patrick  J. Samuel Watson  Inok Ahn 《Educational Assessment》2018,23(1):24-46

To meet recent accountability mandates, school districts are implementing assessment frameworks to document teachers’ effectiveness. Observational assessments play a key role in this process, albeit without compelling evidence of their psychometric rigor. Using a sample of kindergarten teachers, we employed Generalizability theory to investigate (across teachers, raters, and lessons) the stability of scores obtained with two different observation measures: The CLASS K-3 and the FFT. We conducted a series of Decision studies to document (for both measures’ constituent domains) the number of lessons per teacher and raters per lesson that would justify the use of observation scores for high stakes decisions. Acceptable, stable scores for individual-level decisions about teachers may generally require more raters and lessons than is typically used in practice (1–2 raters and fewer than 3 lessons). The considerable variability of observation-based scores raises concerns about either measure’s appropriateness for making individual or group decisions about teachers’ effectiveness.  相似文献   

What Develops in Infants’ Spatial Categorization? Korean Infants’ Categorization of Containment and Tight‐Fit Relations          下载免费PDF全文

Marianella Casasola  Yeojin A. Ahn 《Child development》2018,89(4):e382-e396

Korean‐learning infants’ categorization of two spatial categories, one consistent and one inconsistent with the Korean semantic category of “kkita,” was examined. Infants of 10 months (n = 32) and 18 months (n = 49) were tested on their categorization of containment or tight fit spatial relations. At 10 months, infants only formed a category of containment, but at 18 months, their categorization of tight fit was significantly stronger than containment. The results suggest that Korean infants benefit from their language environment in forming a category of tight fit when the exemplars are perceptually diverse. In particular, infants’ language environment may bolster their ability to generalize across diverse exemplars to form abstract categorical representations of spatial relations.  相似文献   

Rewarding knowledge sharing under measurement inaccuracy     

Dong-Joo?LeeEmail author  Jae-Hyeon?Ahn 《知识管理研究与实践》2005,3(4):229-243

Knowledge sharing is a critical step for successful knowledge management. However, sharing knowledge not only requires time and effort of a knowledge worker but also reduces the unique value or power that the worker enjoys in the organization. Therefore, for successful knowledge sharing, a reward system is used to compensate knowledge sharing activities. In this paper, we consider a situation where there exists measurement inaccuracy in the actual amount of knowledge shared by risk-averse workers. We analyze the optimal reward system for knowledge sharing and the optimal investment to address measurement inaccuracy. Through the analysis, a simple optimal reward system is derived. This system is linear in the amount of knowledge sharing and compensates for the workers’ costs of knowledge sharing and risk-bearing. Additionally, the optimal investment to improve measurement accuracy is characterized by balancing the investment cost against the workers’ risk-bearing cost. Finally, a comparative statics analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of changes in exogenous factors on the optimal reward system, the amount of knowledge sharing, and the amount of optimal investment. Insights from our analysis can contribute to the better management of knowledge sharing through reward systems and the effective implementation of a knowledge management system.  相似文献   

A meta-analysis of morphological interventions: effects on literacy achievement of children with literacy difficulties   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Amanda P. Goodwin  Soyeon Ahn 《Annals of dyslexia》2010,60(2):183-208

This study synthesizes 79 standardized mean-change differences between control and treatment groups from 17 independent studies, investigating the effect of morphological interventions on literacy outcomes for students with literacy difficulties. Average total sample size ranged from 15 to 261 from a wide range of grade levels. Overall, morphological instruction showed a significant improvement on literacy achievement ([`(d)] \overline d  = 0.33). Specifically, its effect was significant on several literacy outcomes such as phonological awareness ([`(d)] \overline d  = 0.49), morphological awareness ([`(d)] \overline d  = 0.40), vocabulary ([`(d)] \overline d  = 0.40), reading comprehension ([`(d)] \overline d  = 0.24), and spelling ([`(d)] \overline d  = 0.20). Morphological instruction was particularly effective for children with reading, learning, or speech and language disabilities, English language learners, and struggling readers, suggesting the possibility that morphological instruction can remediate phonological processing challenges. Other moderators were also explored to explain differences in morphological intervention effects. These findings suggest students with literacy difficulties would benefit from morphological instruction.  相似文献   

Optimal residual generation for fault detection in linear discrete time-varying systems with uncertain observations     

Yueyang Li  Hamid Reza Karimi  Choon Ki Ahn  Yuan Xu  Dong Zhao 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(7):3330-3353

This work deals with the problem of optimal residual generation for fault detection (FD) in linear discrete time-varying (LDTV) systems subject to uncertain observations. By introducing a generalized fault detection filter (FDF) with four parameter matrices as the residual generator, a novel FDF design scheme is formulated as two bi-objective optimization problems such that the sensitivity of residual to fault is enhanced and the robustness of residual to unknown input is simultaneously strengthened. A generalized operator based optimization approach is proposed to deduce solutions to the corresponding optimization problems in operator forms, where the related H_∞/H_∞ or $H_{?}/H_{\infty }$ FD performance index is maximized. With the aid of the addressed methods, the connections among the derived solutions are explicitly announced. The parameter matrices of the FDF are analytically derived via solving simple matrix equations recursively. It is revealed that our proposed results establish an operator-based framework of optimal residual generation for some kinds of linear discrete-time systems. Illustrative examples are given to show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed methods.  相似文献   

Service-Learning: Implications for the Academic,Personal, and Professional Development of Criminal Justice Majors     

Helen Ahn Lim 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2018,29(2):237-248

An exploratory senior and alumni survey was administered to better assess the experiential learning opportunities, including Service-Learning, offered to students in a criminal justice department. This article highlights the academic, personal and professional development of students, based on the perception of criminal justice majors in the department who completed a Service-Learning course. Educators continue to assess the academic outcomes for students and the benefits to the community. What may be less appreciated is how Service-Learning can also benefit students in their professional skills development. This article illustrates these potential benefits, and also discusses why Service-Learning courses are a critical part of development for criminal justice majors.  相似文献   

Actions and Conceptions: Exploring Initial Literacy Teaching Practice for Adults     

Helena Colliander  Song Ee Ahn  Per Andersson 《Journal of Language, Identity & Education》2018,17(5):306-319

Given that it is a delicate task to meet the educational needs of adult emergent readers in a second language setting, this study serves to explore the teaching practice of teachers working with learners of initial literacy and second language. Based on a situated learning perspective, data from 16 lesson observations of nine teachers is analysed. The findings show that teachers initiate and negotiate learning activities, strive to get the students to understand words and other symbols, facilitate participation within and outside the classroom and negotiate the acceptable student behaviour. These findings suggest that Literacy Education and Second Language Learning for Adults (LESLLA) teaching and learning is a particular practice, where the teachers’ actions are intertwined with those of the learners and with the teachers’ conceptions of the learners. In that way, the teachers’ actions do not only speak of the learners, but also of their own professional identity.  相似文献   

试论提升当代大学生职业素养之“三从三以”法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨子仪  萨茹拉 《民族教育研究》2012,23(1):64-66

职业素养是当代大学生核心竞争力的一个方面,是社会评价大学生综合素质的一项指标。通过从"遵纪守法、诚实守信、爱校爱家"做起和以"实习生态度、主人翁精神、亲友的真心"的"三从三以"法给予引导,可以提升大学生的职业素养。  相似文献   

The Effects of Attachment Styles and Efficacy of Communication on Avoidance Following a Relational Partner's Deception     

Su Ahn Jang 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(4):300-311

This investigation examined the effects of attachment styles and efficacy of communication on avoidance following a relational partner's deceptive communication. Efficacy of communication was explored as a mediating variable. Students (n = 123) who reported being deceived by their relational partner were recruited for the study. The data revealed that, compared to individuals with other attachment styles, those with a high anxious/ambivalent attachment tendency were more likely to avoid discussing the deception with their partner. In addition, efficacy of communication was negatively associated with avoidance. The results further revealed, however, that efficacy of communication mediated the link between attachment and avoidance. More specifically, highly anxious/ambivalent individuals were more likely to perceive relatively low efficacy of communication, and such perception, in turn, influenced their avoidance. Findings of the study provide an explanation for the association between attachment and avoidance.  相似文献   

基于人物关系的信息资源组织研究     

萨蕾  马涛 《图书馆论坛》2013,33(1):27-31,58

文章介绍人物关系挖掘的发展现状,重点分析存在的问题,提出应以名称规范库为工具、围绕人物关系进行信息资源的组织,并具体阐述重构名称规范库的方法。  相似文献